Network Working Group                                       M. Boucadair 
Internet Draft                                        France Telecom R&D 
Document: draft-boucadair-ipte-acct-pib-00.txt                 June 2002 
Category: Experimental                                                   
 
 
         An IP Traffic Engineering PIB for Accounting purposes 
                  <draft-boucadair-ipte-acct-pib-00.txt> 
    
 
Status of this Memo 
 
   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with 
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026 [1].  
    
   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other 
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 
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   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress". 
    
   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at 
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. 
    
   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 
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Abstract 
    
   This document defines a set of IP Traffic Engineering Policy 
   Provisioning Classes (PRCs) for accounting usage within the context 
   of a COPS-based policy enforcement scheme. The purpose of those PRCs 
   is to provide information exploitable by the IP Traffic Engineering 
   decision-making process. Those PRCs are intended for use by the 
   reporting process of the IP TE Client-Type [2]. 
    
Table of Contents 
    
   1.      Introduction................................................2 
   2.      Conventions used in this document...........................2 
   3.      Accounting and Traffic Engineering..........................3 
   3.1.    Introduction................................................3 
   3.2.    The IP TE Selection Tables..................................4 
   3.3.    The IP TE Accounting Usage Tables...........................4 
   3.4.    PIB overview................................................5 
   4.      IP TE Usage PIB.............................................5 
   5.      Security Considerations....................................14 
   6.      References.................................................14 
 
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   7.      Acknowledgments............................................15 
   8.      Author's Addresses.........................................15 
    
    
1. Introduction 
    
   Traffic engineering is one of the possible means for solving 
   congestion problems and permitting efficient use of the network 
   resources. The design of an IP Traffic Engineering (IP TE) policy 
   implies the manipulation of a large amount of configuration 
   information that includes routing considerations, traffic forecast, 
   available resources, etc. 
    
   These parameters are provisioned as configuration information to the 
   network devices by means of a COPS-based communication scheme, thanks 
   to the use of a specific client-type. But remains the choice of the 
   appropriate parameters to meet network constraints as well as Quality 
   Of Service (QOS) requirements, and also to observe the impact of such 
   choice on the stability of the network. 
    
   From this standpoint, several methods can be adopted: either use 
   statistical data based on mathematical models, or data resulting of 
   measurements. The advantage of the second method is that it allows 
   for real time statistics. 
     
   Therefore, the actual enforcement of a traffic engineering policy 
   requires a feedback mechanism not only to qualify how efficient such 
   enforcement is, but also the impact the future decisions made by the 
   Policy Decision Point (PDP) and installed by the PDP at the Policy 
   Enforcement Point (PEP)-embedded devices. 
    
   Within the context of this document, the data recorded, monitored 
   and/or reported by the PEP are the results of the activation of 
   dynamic routing processes (e.g. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and 
   Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGP)).  
    
   We propose in this document to define a set of IP TE accounting usage 
   Policy Rule Classes (PRC) that will be monitored, recorded and/or 
   reported by the PEP. Those PRCs complement the PRC classes that have 
   been defined in the Framework of COPS-PR PIB for Policy Usage [3]. 
    
   This document is organised as follows: 
    
   - Section 3 shows the use of accounting mode within a TE context. 
   - Section 4 presents the IP TE Usage PIB. 
    
    
2. Conventions used in this document 
    


 
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   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [4]. 
    
3. Accounting and Traffic Engineering 
3.1. Introduction 
    
   The actual enforcement of an IP TE policy is conditioned by the 
   manipulation of information such as traffic forecast (according to 
   customers' requests, for example [5]), and traffic load calculation 
   (see fig.1). Within the context of a COPS architecture, the 
   qualification of a policy's efficiency could be based upon the 
   accounting mode.  
    
   [6] defines the capability to report information to the PDP. Several 
   types of reports are defined: success, failure and accounting. A 
   framework of the use of the accounting mode is introduced in [3]. 
    
                         +-----------------+ 
                         |       Other     |  
                         | external system | 
                         +-----------------+ 
                                   ^ 
                                   |       +-----------------+  
                                   |       |       TE        |  
                                   |       | Forecast Block  | 
                                   |       +-----------------+ 
                                   |               ^ +------------------+  
                                   |               | |       PDP        | 
                                   |               | | Decision-making  |  
                                   |               | +--------/\--------+ 
                                   |               | +--------\/--------+  
                                   |               | |                  |  
                                   |               | |       PDP        | 
                                   |               | |                  | 
                                   |               | +------------------+ 
  +--------------------------+     |               |       ^ 
  |          PEP             |     |               |       | 
  | +-------------------+    |     |               |       | 
  | | IP TE Client-Type |    |     |               |       | 
  | | +--------------+  |    |<----+               |       | 
  | | |Report Process|  |    |<--------------------+       | 
  | | |-Monitoring   |  |    |<----------------------------+ 
  | | |-Recording    |  |    |    IP TE REPORT 
  | | |-Reporting    |  |    | 
  | | +--------------+  |    | 
  | +-------------------+    | 
  +--------------------------+ 
                    Fig.1: IP TE Reporting Mechanism 
    
   According to Fig.1, the report sent by the IP TE client type is 
   received by the PDP.  
 
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   The IP TE report classes are instantiated as multiple Provisioning 
   Instance (PRI) instances, each of which being identified by 
   PRovisioning Instance iDentifier (PRID). These classes contain 
   attributes that actually describe the accounting IP TE-related 
   information collected in the network. 
    
3.2. The IP TE Selection Tables  
    
   The document [7] defines an IP Traffic Engineering Policy Information 
   Base (IP TE PIB). The IP TE PIB is organized into the following 
   provisioning classes:  
     
   1. The Forwarding classes (ipTeFwClasses): the information contained 
     in these classes is meant to provide a detailed description of the 
     traffic-engineered routes. Only one table is defined: the IP TE 
     Route table, which describes the information related to TE routes 
     that have been installed by the routers in their FIBs.  
    
   2. The Metrics classes (ipTeMetricsClasses): the information stored 
     in the tables included in this class is meant to provide the 
     description of the metric values that will be taken into account 
     by intra- and inter-domain routing protocols for the computation 
     and the selection of traffic-engineered routes.  
    
   3. The Statistics classes (ipTeStatsClasses): the information 
     contained in these classes is meant to provide statistics on the 
     enforcement of the TE policies. 
    
   These tables are used as selection tables. 
    
3.3. The IP TE Accounting Usage Tables 
    
   Within the context of [8], three policies are defined: 
   - The selection criteria policy: defines the conditions used by PEP 
     to monitor and record a usage policy. 
   - The usage policy: defines what attributes are monitored and/or 
     recorded by the PEP. 
   - The linkage policy: provides a linkage for the selection and usage 
     policies. 
    
   As mentioned above, the tables defined in the IP TE PIB are used as 
   the Selection policies and we introduced in the following Section 4 
   the Usage classes. 
    
   In addition, the IP TE Selection Usage Combination Capability Table 
   contains objects pointing to the IP TE Usage tables, IP TE Selection 
   tables and Threshold tables.  

 
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3.4. PIB overview 
    
   The PIB defined within the context of IP traffic engineering for 
   accounting purposes has the goal to complete the whole COPS TE 
   reporting machinery. This PIB contains the following tables: 
    
   - ospfTeRouterUsageTable             : this class defines the usage 
                       attributes to be reported, and which are related 
                       to the router identified by the Router-Id. 
   - ospfTeUsageTable                           : this class defines the usage attributes to use 
                       for OSPF TE purposes.  
   - bgpTeTable                                 : this table contains a set of accounting 
                       information related to the activation of BGP 
                       process enabling exchange of QOS information.  
   - ospfTeThresholdTable: this class defines the threshold attributes 
                       corresponding to OSPF TE usage attributes 
                       specified in ospfTeUsageTable. 
   - bgpTeThresholdTable: this class defines the threshold attributes 
                       corresponding to BGP usage attributes specified 
                       in bgpTeUsageTable. 
4. IP TE Usage PIB 
    
   -- 
   -- The PIB defined within the context of IP traffic engineering  
   -- for accounting purposes has the goal to complete the whole   
   -- COPS TE reporting machinery. 
   -- Data contained in this PIB aren't stabilized yet and will be  
   -- modified and updated as necessary.  
   -- 
    
   IPTE-ACCOUNTING-PIB PIB-DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN    
             
         IMPORTS    
            ExtUTCTime, Unsigned32, Unsigned64,      
            Integer32, MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE    
                       FROM COPS-PR-SPPI    
            TruthValue, TEXTUAL-CONVENTION    
                       FROM SNMPv2-TC    
            PolicyInstanceId, PolicyReferenceId    
                       FROM COPS-PR-SPPI-TC;    
            RoleCombination    
                       FROM POLICY-DEVICE-AUX-MIB;    
            Counter64  
                       FROM SNMPv2-SMI; 
              
         ipTeAccountingPib  MODULE-IDENTITY    
    
             SUBJECT-CATEGORIES  {tbd}   
             LAST-UPDATED       "200201250900Z"    
             ORGANIZATION       "France Telecom R&D"    
 
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             CONTACT-INFO       "    
                       Mohamed Boucadair    
                       Adresse: 42, rue des Coutures 
                       BP 6243 
                       14066 Caen Cedex 
                       Phone: +33 2 31 75 92 31    
                       Email: Mohamed.Boucadair@francetelecom.com"   
                      
           DESCRIPTION    
                   "The PIB module that contains classes describing the 
                   parameters to be monitored, recorded and/or reported 
                   by the PEP for Traffic Engineering accounting 
                   purposes."   
             
               ::= {tbd}   
      
      --    
      -- The ipTe Accounting Class   
      --    
             
      ipTeAccountingClasses     
              OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ipTeAccountingPib  1 }    
    
      --    
      -- The MPLS TE Accounting Class   
      --    
        -- This class defines tables related to MPLS TE 
        -- To be done in next version of this draft. 
    
      lspTeAccountingClasses     
              OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ipTeAccountingPib  2 } 
       
      --    
      -- ospfTeRouterUsageTable   
      --    
    
        ospfTeRouterUsageTable OBJECT-TYPE    
                     
            SYNTAX          SEQUENCE OF ospfTeRouterUsageEntry    
            PIB-ACCESS      report-only    
            STATUS          current    
            DESCRIPTION    
                 "This class defines the usage attributes to be 
                 reported, and which are related to the router 
                 identified by the Router-Id."   
                       
            ::= { ipTeAccountingClasses  1}    
    
        ospfTeRouterUsageEntry  OBJECT-TYPE    
                
 
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            SYNTAX          ospfTeUsageRouterEntry    
            STATUS          current    
            DESCRIPTION    
                 "An entry for the ospfTeRouterUsageTable."   
             
            PIB-INDEX  { ospfTeRouterUsagePrid}   
            UNIQUENESS { ospfTeRouterUsageLinkPrid, 
                       ospfTeUsageIfActif} 
             
            ::= {ospfTeRouterUsageTable 1}    
         
        ospfTeRouterUsageEntry ::= SEQUENCE {   
                       ospfTeRouterUsagePrid        InstanceID,   
                       ospfTeRouterUsageLinkPrid    Prid,   
                       ospfTeRouterUsageIfActif                                                 Counter64 }   
    
        ospfTeRouterUsagePrid        OBJECT-TYPE   
                     
            SYNTAX      Prid  
            STATUS      current 
            DESCRIPTION   
                 "An integer index that uniquely identifies this 
                 instance of the ospfTeRouterUsage class."   
             
            ::= { ospfTeRouterUsageEntry 1 }   
         
        ospfTeRouterUsageLinkPrid        OBJECT-TYPE   
            
            SYNTAX      Prid   
            STATUS      current   
            DESCRIPTION   
                 "The PRID of the Linkage policy instance used to refer 
                 this usage policy instance."   
             
            ::= { ospfTeRouterUsageEntry 2 }    
 
    
        ospfTeRouterUsageIfActif         OBJECT-TYPE     
            
            SYNTAX       Counter64 
            STATUS       current     
            DESCRIPTION     
                 "The number of interfaces that participate to an OSPF-
                 TE route computation in the router identified by 
                 Router-ID."  
                
            ::= { ospfTeRouterUsageEntry 3 }   
    
      --    
      -- ospfTeUsageTable   
      --    
 
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      ospfTeUsageTable OBJECT-TYPE    
             
            SYNTAX          SEQUENCE OF ospfTeUsageEntry    
            PIB-ACCESS      report-only    
            STATUS          current    
            DESCRIPTION    
                 "This class defines the usage attributes to use for 
                 OSPF TE purposes."   
                  
            ::= { ipTeAccountingClasses  1 }    
         
     ospfTeUsageEntry   OBJECT-TYPE    
            
            SYNTAX          ospfTeUsageEntry    
            STATUS          current    
            DESCRIPTION    
                 "An entry for the ospfTeUsageTable."   
             
            PIB-INDEX  { ospfTeUsagePrid}   
            UNIQUENESS                          { ospfTeUsageLinkPrid, 
                       OspfTeUsageLinkDelay } 
             
            ::= {ospfTeUsageTable 1 }    
         
     ospfTeUsageEntry ::= SEQUENCE { ospfTeUsagePrid         
        InstanceID,   
                                                ospfTeUsageLinkPrid             Prid,    
                               ospfTeUsageLinkDelay    Unsigned32 }   
    
     ospfTeUsagePrid        OBJECT-TYPE   
                     
            SYNTAX      Prid   
            STATUS      current   
            DESCRIPTION   
                 "An integer index that uniquely identifies this 
                 instance of the ospfTeUsage class."   
             
            ::= { ospfTeUsageEntry 1 }   
         
     ospfTeUsageLinkPrid        OBJECT-TYPE   
            
            SYNTAX      Prid   
            STATUS      current   
            DESCRIPTION   
                 "The PRID of the Linkage policy instance used to refer 
                 this usage policy instance."   
             
            ::= { ospfTeUsageEntry 2 }          
 
     ospfTeUsageLinkDelay OBJECT-TYPE     
 
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            SYNTAX       Unsigned32  
            STATUS       current     
            DESCRIPTION     
                 "The one-way delay that has been observed on this 
                 route."     
             
            ::= { ospfTeUsageEntry 3 }     
    
      --    
      -- bgpTeUsageTable   
      --           
 
     bgpTeTable          OBJECT-TYPE  
                  
            SYNTAX         SEQUENCE OF bgpTeUsageEntry   
            PIB-ACCESS     report-only   
            STATUS         current   
            DESCRIPTION   
                 "This table contains a set of accounting information 
                 related to the activation of BGP process enabling 
                 exchange of QOS information."   
                     
                      ::= { ipTeAccountingClasses   2 }   
               
      bgpTeUsageEntry          OBJECT-TYPE   
                  
            SYNTAX          bgpTeUsageEntry   
            STATUS          current   
            DESCRIPTION   
                 "An entry to bgpTeUsage Class."   
                     
             
            PIB-INDEX      { bgpTeUsagePrid }   
            UNIQUENESS     { bgpTeUsageLinkPrid, 
                             bgpTeUsageActIf, 
                                              bgpTeUsageOneWayDelay }   
                     
            ::= { bgpTeUsageTable 1 }   
           
      bgpTeUsageEntry ::= SEQUENCE {   
                         bgpTeUsagePrid           InstanceId,  
                         bgpTeUsageLinkPrid       Prid, 
                        bgpTeUsageActIf          Counter64, 
                        bgpTeUsageOneWayDelay     Unsigned32 }   
               
      bgpTeUsagePrid                  OBJECT-TYPE  
                
              SYNTAX                InstanceId  
 
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              STATUS                current  
              DESCRIPTION      
                 "An integer index that uniquely identifies this 
                 instance of the bgpTeUsage class."  
           
              ::= { bgpTeUsageEntry 1 }  
         
      bgpTeUsageLinkPrid             OBJECT-TYPE  
                
              SYNTAX                Prid  
              STATUS                current  
              DESCRIPTION      
                 "The PRID of the Linkage policy instance used to base 
                 this usage policy instance upon."      
                    
              ::= { bgpTeUsageEntry 2 } 
         
      bgpTeUsageActIf                OBJECT-TYPE   
                  
              SYNTAX                 Counter64 
              STATUS                 current   
              DESCRIPTION      
                 "Specifies the number of interfaces that participate 
                 to the BGP route computation process."   
               
              ::= { bgpTeUsageEntry 3 }   
       
      bgpTeUsageOneWayDelay        OBJECT-TYPE       
        
            SYNTAX                Unsigned32 
            STATUS                 current   
            DESCRIPTION      
                 "Specifies the one-way delay that has been observed on 
                 this route."   
                                                                             
              ::= { bgpTeUsageEntry 4 } 
    
    
   -- 
   -- The Threshold class that accompanies the OSPF and BGP usage  
   -- tables 
   -- 
        -- 
        -- OSPF Threshold attributes 
        -- 
         
 
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     ospfTeThresholdTable OBJECT-TYPE    
               
           SYNTAX         SEQUENCE OF ospfThresholdEntry    
              PIB-ACCESS     Install    
              STATUS         current    
              DESCRIPTION    
                 "This class defines the threshold attributes 
                 corresponding to OSPF TE usage attributes specified in 
                 ospfTeUsageTable."   
            
              ::= { ipTeAccountingClasses  3 }    
            
      ospfTeThresholdEntry   OBJECT-TYPE    
               
           SYNTAX          ospfTeThresholdEntry    
              STATUS          current    
              DESCRIPTION    
                 "Defines the attributes to hold threshold values."   
                    
              PIB-INDEX { ospfTeThresholdId }   
        
              ::= { ospfTeThresholdId 1 }    
            
      ospfTeThresholdEntry::= SEQUENCE {   
               ospfTeThresholdId             InstanceID,   
               ospfTeThresholdBwThresholds     Integer64,     
               ospfTeThresholdRsvBwThresholds  Integer64 }   
        
      ospfTeThresholdId   OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       InstanceId   
              STATUS       current   
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "Arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an 
                 instance of the class."   
                    
              ::= { ospfTeThresholdEntry 1 }  
        
     ospfTeThresholdBwThresholds  OBJECT-TYPE   
    
              SYNTAX       Integer64   
              STATUS       current   
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "The threshold the used bandwidth on the link 
                 shouldn't exceed."   

 
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              ::= { ospfTeThresholdEntry  2 }  
        
     ospfTeThresholdRsvBwThresholds   OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       Integer64   
              STATUS       current   
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "The threshold the reserved bandwidth on the link 
                 shouldn't exceed."   
                    
              ::= { ospfTeThresholdEntry 3 } 
       
        -- 
        -- BGP Threshold attributes 
        -- 
         
     bgpTeThresholdTable OBJECT-TYPE    
               
           SYNTAX         SEQUENCE OF bgpThresholdEntry    
              PIB-ACCESS     Install    
              STATUS         current    
              DESCRIPTION    
                 "This class defines the threshold attributes 
                 corresponding to BGP usage attributes specified in 
                 bgpTeUsageTable."   
            
              ::= { ipTeAccountingClasses  4 }    
            
      bgpTeThresholdEntry   OBJECT-TYPE    
               
           SYNTAX          bgpTeThresholdEntry    
              STATUS          current    
              DESCRIPTION    
                 "Defines the attributes to hold threshold values." 
                    
              PIB-INDEX { bgpTeThresholdPrid }   
        
              ::= { bgpTeThresholdId 1 }    
            
      bgpTeThresholdEntry ::= SEQUENCE {   
               bgpTeThresholdId                                                 InstanceID,   
                                bgpTeThresholdNlriAddress       InetAddress, 
               bgpTeThresholdNextHopAddress    InetAddress, 
               bgpTeThresholdOneWayDelayThreshold      Integer64,     
                                bgpTeThresholdInterPacketDelayThreshold Integer64, 
 
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               bgpTeThresholdLossRateThreshold         Integer64 }   
        
     bgpTeThresholdId   OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       InstanceId   
              STATUS       current
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "Arbitrary integer index that uniquely identifies an 
                 instance of the class."   
                    
              ::= { bgpTeThresholdEntry 1 }  
        
      bgpTeThresholdNlriAddress        OBJECT-TYPE   
                  
             SYNTAX       InetAddress 
             STATUS       current   
             DESCRIPTION   
                 "The IP address to match against the NLRI field of 
                 QOS_NLRI attribute of the BGP4 UPDATE message 
                 introduced in [9]."   
       
                 ::= { bgpTeThresholdEntry 2 }  
       
      bgpTeThresholdNextHopAddress     OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       InetAddress 
              STATUS       current   
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "The address of the next router."   
                    
              ::= { bgpTeThresholdEntry 3 }  
    
     bgpTeThresholdOneWayDelayThreshold  OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       Integer64   
              STATUS       current   
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "The threshold of the one-way delay, that will trigger 
                 a report in the next reporting interval when 
                 exceeded."   
                    
              ::= { bgpTeThresholdEntry  4 }  
        
      bgpTeThresholdInterPacketDelayThreshold  OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       Integer64   
              STATUS       current   
 
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              DESCRIPTION   
                 "The threshold of the inter-packet delay variation, 
                 that will trigger a report in the next reporting 
                 interval, when exceeded."   
                        
              ::= { bgpTeThresholdEntry 5 } 
     
     bgpTeThresholdLossRateThreshold  OBJECT-TYPE   
               
           SYNTAX       Integer64   
              STATUS       current   
              DESCRIPTION   
                 "The threshold, in terms of loss rate, that will 
                 trigger a report in the next reporting interval, when 
                 exceeded."   
                    
              ::= { bgpTeThresholdEntry 6 } 
 
   END 
    
    
5. Security Considerations 
    
   Data manipulated within the context of IP TE accounting could be used 
   by the IP TE decision-making processes, but only authorized COPS-PR 
   communications can take place. Therefore, this draft does not 
   introduce any additional security issues other than those that have 
   been identified in the COPS-PR specification [10]. 
    
   Nevertheless, the activation of an integrity mechanism is recommended 
   for external systems making use of the TE accounting data.  
    
    
6. References 
     
   [1] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP 
      9, RFC 2026, October 1996. 
   [2] Jacquenet, C., "An IP Traffic Engineering COPS Client-type", 
      draft jacquenet-ip-te-cops-03.txt, Work in Progress, June 2002. 
   [3] Rawlins, D., Kulkarni, A., Bokaemper, M., Ho Chan, K., "Framework 
      of COPS-PR Policy Usage Feedback", draft-ietf-rap-feedback-frwk-
      02.txt, March 2002. 
   [4] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement 
      Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997 
    
   [5] Goderis, D., T'Joens, Y., Jacquenet, C., Memenios, G., Pavlou, 
      G., Egan, R., Griffin, D., Georgatsos, P., Georgiadis, 
      L.,"Specification of a Service Level Specification (SLS) 
 
 
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      Template", draft-tequila-sls-02.txt, Work in Progress, February 
      2002. 
   [6] Boyle, J., Cohen, R., Durham, D., Herzog, S., Raja, R., Sastry, 
      A., "The COPS (Common Open Policy Service) Protocol", RFC 2748, 
      January 2000. 
   [7] Boucadair, M., Jacquenet, C., "An IP Traffic Engineering Policy 
      Information Base", draft-jacquenet-ip-te-pib-02.txt, Work in 
      Progress, June 2002. 
   [8] Rawlins, D., Kulkarni, A., Bokaemper, M., Ho Chan, K. "Framework 
      of COPS-PR Policy Usage Feedback", draft-ietf-rap-feedback-frwk-
      02.txt, March 2002. 
   [9] Jacquenet, C., "Providing Quality of Service Indication by   the 
      BGP-4 Protocol: the QOS_NLRI Attribute", draft-jacquenet-qos-nrli-
      04.txt, Work in Progress, March 2002.  
   [10] Ho Chan, K., Durham, D., Gai, S., Herzog, S., McLoghrie, K., 
      Reichmeyer, F., Seligson, J., Smith, A., Yavatkar, R., "COPS Usage 
      for Policy Provisioning (COPS-PR)", RFC 3084, March 2001. 
    
7. Acknowledgments 
    
   The author would like to thank M. Jacquenet for his remarks and 
   suggestions. 
    
8. Author's Addresses 
    
   Mohamed Boucadair 
   France Telecom R & D 
   DMI/SIR 
   42, rue des Coutures 
   BP 6243 
   14066 Caen Cedex 4 
   France 
   Phone: +33 2 31 75 92 31 
   Email: mohamed.boucadair@rd.francetelecom.com 
    
    
Full Copyright Statement 
 
   "Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved. 
    
   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to 
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it 
   or assist its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and 
   distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, 
   provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are 
   included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this 
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing 
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other 
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of 
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for 
 
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Internet Draft     IP TE PIB for Accounting purposes          June 2002 
                                     
                                     
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be 
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Boucadair         Experimental - Expires December 2002         [Page 16]