INTERNET-DRAFT Eric A. Hall
Document: draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv4-01.txt May 2003
Expires: December, 2003
Category: Experimental
Defining and Locating IPv4 Address Blocks
in the Federated Internet Registry Service
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document defines LDAP schema and searching rules for IPv4
address blocks, in support of the Federated Internet Registry
Service (FIRS) described in [FIRS-ARCH] and [FIRS-CORE].
Internet Draft draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv4-01.txt May 2003
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..............................................2
2. Prerequisites and Terminology.............................2
3. Naming Syntax.............................................3
4. Object Classes and Attributes.............................5
5. Query Processing Rules....................................7
5.1. Query Pre-Processing...................................8
5.2. Query Bootstrapping....................................8
5.3. LDAP Matching..........................................9
5.4. Example Query.........................................10
6. Security Considerations..................................11
7. IANA Considerations......................................11
8. Author's Addresses.......................................12
9. Normative References.....................................12
10. Acknowledgments..........................................13
11. Changes from Previous Versions...........................13
12. Full Copyright Statement.................................14
1. Introduction
This specification defines the naming syntax, object classes,
attributes, matching filters, and query processing rules for
storing and locating IPv4 address blocks in the FIRS service.
Refer to [FIRS-ARCH] for information on the FIRS architecture and
[FIRS-CORE] for the schema definitions and rules which govern the
FIRS service as a whole.
Note that reverse-lookup DNS domains for IPv4 address blocks are
managed as DNS domain entries in [FIRS-DNS]. These are entirely
different network resources, and should not be confused with IPv4
address block entries.
The definitions in this specification are intended to be used with
FIRS. Their usage outside of FIRS is not prohibited, but any such
usage is beyond this specification's scope of authority.
2. Prerequisites and Terminology
The complete set of specifications in the FIRS collection
cumulative define a structured and distributed information service
using LDAPv3 for the data-formatting and transport functions. This
specification should be read in the context of the complete set of
specifications, which currently include the following:
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draft-ietf-crisp-firs-arch-01, "The Federated Internet
Registry Service: Architecture and Implementation"
[FIRS-ARCH]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-core-01, "The Federated Internet
Registry Service: Core Elements" [FIRS-CORE]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-dns-01, "Defining and Locating DNS
Domains in the Federated Internet Registry Service"
[FIRS-DNS]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-dnsrr-01, "Defining and Locating DNS
Resource Records in the Federated Internet Registry
Service" [FIRS-DNSRR]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-contact-01, "Defining and Locating
Contact Persons in the Federated Internet Registry Service"
[FIRS-CONTCT]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-asn-01, "Defining and Locating
Autonomous System Numbers in the Federated Internet
Registry Service" [FIRS-ASN]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv4-01, "Defining and Locating IPv4
Address Blocks in the Federated Internet Registry Service"
(this document) [FIRS-IPV4]
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv6-01, "Defining and Locating IPv6
Address Blocks in the Federated Internet Registry Service"
[FIRS-IPV6]
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL"
in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
3. Naming Syntax
The naming syntax for IPv4 address blocks in FIRS MUST follow the
form of "cn=<inetIpv4NetworkSyntax>,cn=inetResources,<partition>",
where <inetIpv4NetworkSyntax > is the IPv4 address block resource,
and where <partition> is a sequence of domainComponent relative
distinguished names which identifies the scope of authority for
the selected directory partition.
The inetIpv4NetworkSyntax rules use the traditional "dotted-quad"
notation, where each of four sub-components provide a decimal
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value that represents one octet from a 32-bit IPv4 address, with
the sub-components being separated by a full-stop (period)
character, and with the four-part sequence being followed by a "/"
character and a three-digit decimal "prefix" value.
Entries which use the inetIpv4NetworkSyntax MUST use the starting
address from a range of inclusive addresses, and MUST use CIDR
prefix notation. In this manner, it is possible to create an
inetIpv4Network entry for a range of addresses of any size
(including a single host).
The leading zeroes from each octet MUST be removed before the
value is stored or used in a query. Octets which have a value of
zero MUST be represented by the single-digit numeric value of "0".
If an input string does not match this syntax, a FIRS-aware
application MAY attempt to manipulate the input string to form a
valid value. For example, if a user enters a traditional IPv4
address without specifying a prefix value, the application MAY
append "/32" to the end of the input string to form a valid
assertion value. Similarly, if a user provides an octal or
hexadecimal value, the client MAY attempt to convert the input
string to the traditional dotted-quad IPv4 address notation.
An augmented BNF for this syntax is as follows:
inetIpv4NetworkSyntax = inetIpv4Octet "." inetIpv4Octet "."
inetIpv4Octet "." inetIpv4Octet "/" inetIpv4Prefix
inetIpv4Octet = decimal value between "0" and "255"
inclusive, with the non-affective leading zeroes removed
inetIpv4Prefix = decimal value between "1" and "32"
inclusive, with the non-affective leading zeroes removed
The schema definition for inetIpv4NetworkSyntax is as follows:
inetIpv4NetworkSyntax
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.1 NAME 'inetIpv4NetworkSyntax' DESC
'An IPv4 address and prefix.' )
For example, an IPv4 address block with a range of addresses
between "10.0.0.0" and "10.0.255.255" inclusive would be written
as "cn=10.0.0.0/16", while a host address of "192.0.2.14" would be
written as "cn=192.0.2.14/32".
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Note that the entry name of "cn=0.0.0.0/0" encompasses the entire
IPv4 address space.
Note that the use of "/" is illegal as data in URLs, and MUST be
escaped before it is stored in a URL as data.
4. Object Classes and Attributes
IPv4 address block entries in FIRS MUST use the inetIpv4Network
object class, in addition to the mandatory object classes defined
in [FIRS-CORE]. IPv4 address block entries MUST be treated as
containers capable of holding subordinate entries. If an entry
exists as a referral source, the entry MUST also be defined with
the referral object class, in addition to the above requirements.
The inetIpv4Network object class is a structural object class
which is subordinate to the inetResources object class. The
inetIpv4Network object class has no mandatory attributes, although
it does have several optional attributes. The inetIpv4Network
object class also inherits the attributes defined in the
inetResources object class, including the "cn" naming attribute.
The schema definition for the inetIpv4Network object class is as
follows:
inetIpv4Network
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.0 NAME 'inetIpv4Network' DESC 'IPv4
network attributes.' SUP inetResources STRUCTURAL MAY (
inetIpv4DelegationStatus $ inetIpv4DelegationDate $
inetIpv4Registrar $ inetIpv4Registry $ inetIpv4Contacts $
inetIpv4RoutingContacts $ ) )
The attributes from the inetIpv4Network object class are described
below:
inetIpv4Contacts
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.2 NAME 'inetIpv4Contacts' DESC
'Contacts for general administrative issues concerning this
IPv4 address block.' EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch SYNTAX
inetContactSyntax )
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inetIpv4DelegationDate
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.3 NAME 'inetIpv4DelegationDate' DESC
'Date this IPv4 address block was delegated.' EQUALITY
generalizedTimeMatch ORDERING generalizedTimeOrderingMatch
SYNTAX generalizedTime SINGLE-VALUE )
inetIpv4DelegationStatus
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.4 NAME 'inetIpv4DelegationStatus' DESC
'Delegation status of this IPv4 address block.' EQUALITY
numericStringMatch SYNTAX numericString{2} SINGLE-VALUE )
NOTE: In an effort to facilitate internationalization and
programmatic processing, the current status of a delegation
is identified by a 16-bit integer. The values and status
mapping is as follows:
0 Reserved delegation (permanently inactive)
1 Assigned and active (normal state)
2 Assigned but not yet active (new delegation)
3 Assigned but on hold (disputed)
4 Assignment revoked (database purge pending)
Additional values are reserved for future use, and are to
be administered by IANA.
Note that there is no status code for "unassigned";
unassigned entries SHOULD NOT exist, and SHOULD NOT be
returned as answers.
inetIpv4Registrar
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.5 NAME 'inetIpv4Registrar' DESC
'Registrar who delegated this IPv4 address block.' EQUALITY
caseIgnoreMatch SYNTAX directoryString )
NOTE: The inetIpv4Registrar attribute uses a URL to
indicate the registrar who delegated the address block. The
attribute structure is identical to the labeledURI
attribute, as defined in [RFC2798], including the URL and
textual comments. The data can refer to any valid URL.
inetIpv4Registry
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.6 NAME 'inetIpv4Registry' DESC
'Registry where this IPv4 address block is managed.'
EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch SYNTAX directoryString )
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NOTE: The inetIpv4Registry attribute uses a URL to indicate
the registry who is ultimately responsible for the address
block. The attribute structure is identical to the
labeledURI attribute, as defined in [RFC2798], including
the URL and textual comments. The data can refer to any
valid URL.
inetIpv4RoutingContacts
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.7 NAME 'inetIpv4RoutingContacts' DESC
'Contacts for routing-related problems with this IPv4
address block.' EQUALITY caseExactMatch SYNTAX
inetContactSyntax )
An example of the inetIpv4Network object class is shown in Figure
1 below. The example includes attributes from the inetIpv4Network,
inetResources, and inetAssociatedResources object classes.
cn=192.0.2.0/24,cn=inetResources,dc=arin,dc=net
[top object class]
[inetResources object class]
[inetIpv4Network object class]
[inetAssociatedResources object class]
|
+-attribute: description
| value: "Example Hosting's IPv4 address block"
|
+-attribute: inetIpv4Contacts
| value: "hostmaster@example.com"
|
+-attribute: inetAssociatedAsNumbers
| value: "65535"
|
+-attribute: inetIpv4Registrar
value: "http://www.arin.net/ (ARIN)"
Figure 1: The entry for the 192.0.2.0/24 address block in the
dc=arin,dc=net partition.
5. Query Processing Rules
Queries for IPv4 address blocks have several special requirements,
as discussed in the following sections.
Refer to [FIRS-CORE] for general information about FIRS queries.
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5.1. Query Pre-Processing
Clients MUST ensure that the query input is normalized according
to the rules specified in section 3 before the input is used as
the assertion value to the resulting LDAP query.
The authoritative partition for an IPv4 address block is
determined by mapping the normalized input to an associated
reverse-lookup DNS domain name, and then mapping the resulting DNS
domain name to a sequence of domainComponent labels.
The least-significant octet MUST include the subnet prefix in this
mapping process, except in those cases where the address falls on
an eight-bit boundary. In those cases where the address block
specifies a 32-bit host address, the subnet prefix MUST be
stripped from the input during the mapping process. In those cases
where the address block specifies a legacy "address class", the
least-significant octet and subnet prefix MUST both be stripped
from the input during the mapping process. These steps are
necessary in order to ensure that the reverse-pointer delegations
in the public DNS are correctly matched to the authoritative
partitions (note that these rules only apply to the mapping
process by which an authoritative partition is constructed, and
does not apply to the process by which the entry-specific relative
distinguished name is constructed).
For example, a host-specific IPv4 address block of "192.0.2.14/32"
would be mapped to the reverse-lookup DNS domain name of
"14.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa." which would in turn be mapped to
"dc=14,dc=2,dc=0,dc=192,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa". Meanwhile, the "Class
C" block of "192.0.2.0/24" would be mapped to the reverse-lookup
DNS domain name of "2.0.192.in-addr.arpa." which would in turn be
mapped to "dc=2,dc=0,dc=192,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa". Finally, a
classless IPv4 address block of "192.0.2.0/20" would be mapped to
the reverse-lookup DNS domain name of "0/14.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa"
which would in turn be mapped to the fully-qualified distinguished
name of "dc=0/14,dc=2,dc=0,dc=192,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa".
5.2. Query Bootstrapping
FIRS clients MUST use the top-down bootstrap model by default for
IPv4 address block queries. As such, the search base for default
queries would be set to "dc=arpa" rather than being set to the
fully-qualified distinguished name of the authoritative partition.
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FIRS clients MAY use the targeted or bottom-up bootstrap models
for queries if necessary or desirable. However, it is not likely
that entries will be found for all IPv4 address block resources
using these models. As such, the top-down bootstrap model will be
the most useful in most cases, and MUST be used by default.
5.3. LDAP Matching
FIRS clients MUST use the inetIpv4NetworkMatch extensible matching
filter in LDAP searches for IPv4 address block entries.
The inetIpv4NetworkMatch filter provides an identifier and search
string format which collectively inform a queried server that a
specific IPv4 address should be searched for, and that any
matching inetIpv4network object class entries should be returned.
The inetIpv4NetworkMatch extensibleMatch filter is defined as
follows:
inetIpv4NetworkMatch
( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.8 NAME 'inetIpv4NetworkMatch' SYNTAX
inetIpv4NetworkSyntax )
The assertion value MUST be a normalized IPv4 address, using the
inetIpv4NetworkSyntax defined in section 3.
A FIRS server MUST compare the assertion value against the RDN of
all entries in the inetResources container of the partition
specified in the search base which have an object class of
inetIpv4Network. Any entry with an object class of inetIpv4Network
and with a relative distinguished name which clearly encompasses
the IPv4 address provided in the assertion value MUST be returned.
Entries which do not clearly encompass the queried address MUST
NOT be returned. Entries which do not have an object class of
inetIpv4Network MUST NOT be returned.
In order to ensure that all of the relevant entries are found
(including any referrals), the search filters for these resources
MUST specify the inetIpv4Network object class along with the
search criteria. For example, "(&(objectclass=inetIpv4Network)
(1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.8:=192.0.2.0/24))" with a search base of
"cn=inetResources,dc=arin,dc=net" would find all of the
inetIpv4Network object class entries which were superior to the
"192.0.2.0/24" address block in the "dc=arin,dc=net" partition.
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Note that the entry name of "cn=0.0.0.0/0" encompasses the entire
IPv4 address space. When used in conjunction with referrals, this
entry MAY be used to redirect all inetIpv4NetworkMatch queries to
another partition for subsequent processing.
The matching filters defined in this specification MUST be
supported by FIRS clients and servers. FIRS servers MAY support
additional sub-string filters, soundex filters, or any other
filters they wish (these may be required to support generic LDAP
clients), although FIRS clients MUST NOT expect any additional
filters to be available.
5.4. Example Query
The following example assumes that the user has specified
"192.0.2.14/32" as the query value:
a. Normalize the input, which is "192.0.2.14/32" in this case.
b. Determine the authoritative partition.
1. Map the input sequence to the reverse-lookup domain
name, which is "14.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa" in this case.
2. Map the domain name to an authoritative partition,
which is "dc=14,dc=2,dc=0,dc=192,dc=in-addr,dc=arpa"
in this case. By default, queries for IPv4 address
blocks use the top-down model, meaning that the right-
most relative distinguished name of "dc=arpa" will be
used as the authoritative partition.
c. Determine the search base for the query, which will be
"cn=inetResources,dc=arpa" if the defaults are used.
d. Initiate a DNS lookup for the SRV resource records
associated with "_ldap._tcp.arpa." For the purpose of this
example, assume that this lookup succeeds, with the DNS
response message indicating that "firs.iana.org" is the
preferred LDAP server.
e. Submit an LDAPv3 query to the specified server, using
"(&(objectClass=inetIpv4Network)
(1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.8:=192.0.2.14/32))" as the matching
filter, "cn=inetResources,dc=arpa" as the search base, and
the global query defaults defined in [FIRS-CORE].
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f. Assume that the queried server returns a continuation
reference referral which points to
"ldap:///cn=inetResources,dc=arin,dc=net". The
distinguished name element of
"cn=inetResources,dc=arin,dc=net" will be used as the new
search base, while "dc=arin,dc=net" will be used as the new
authoritative partition.
g. Initiate a DNS lookup for the SRV resource records
associated with "_ldap._tcp. arin.net." For the purpose of
this example, assume that this lookup succeeds, with the
DNS response message indicating that "firs.arin.net" is the
preferred LDAP server.
h. Submit an LDAPv3 query to the specified server, using
"(&(objectClass=inetIpv4Network)
(1.3.6.1.4.1.7161.1.2.8:=192.0.2.14/32)" as the matching
filter, "cn=inetResources,dc=arin,dc=net" as the search
base, and the global query defaults defined in [FIRS-CORE].
i. Assume that no other referrals are received. Display the
answer data which has been received and exit the query.
6. Security Considerations
Security considerations are discussed in [FIRS-ARCH].
7. IANA Considerations
This specification uses the "dc=arpa" directory partition by
default, with the expectation that FIRS-capable LDAP servers will
be established, with this partition containing IPv4-specific
entries which will provide referrals to the appropriate
registrar's partitions. It is further expected that IANA will
oversee the creation and management of the ARPA domain's LDAP SRV
resource records, the "dc=arpa" LDAP partition, and the necessary
LDAP servers.
The inetIpv4DelegationStatus attribute uses numeric code values.
It is expected that IANA will manage the assignment of these
values.
Additional IANA considerations are discussed in [FIRS-ARCH].
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8. Author's Addresses
Eric A. Hall
ehall@ehsco.com
9. Normative References
[RFC2247] Kille, S., Wahl, M., Grimstad, A., Huber, R.,
and Sataluri, S. "Using Domains in LDAP/X.500
DNs", RFC 2247, January 1998.
[RFC2251] Wahl, M., Howes, T., and Kille, S.
"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3)",
RFC 2251, December 1997.
[RFC2252] Wahl, M., Coulbeck, A., Howes, T., and Kille,
S. "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(v3): Attribute Syntax Definitions", RFC 2252,
December 1997.
[RFC2254] Howes, T. "The String Representation of LDAP
Search Filters", RFC 2254, December 1997.
[FIRS-ARCH] Hall, E. "The Federated Internet Registry
Service: Architecture and Implementation
Guide", draft-ietf-crisp-firs-arch-01, May
2003.
[FIRS-ASN] Hall, E. "Defining and Locating Autonomous
System Numbers in the Federated Internet
Registry Service", draft-ietf-crisp-firs-asn-
01, May 2003.
[FIRS-CONTCT] Hall, E. "Defining and Locating Contact
Persons in the Federated Internet Registry
Service", draft-ietf-crisp-firs-contact-01,
May 2003.
[FIRS-CORE] Hall, E. "The Federated Internet Registry
Service: Core Elements", draft-ietf-crisp-
firs-core-01, May 2003.
[FIRS-DNS] Hall, E. "Defining and Locating DNS Domains in
the Federated Internet Registry Service",
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-dns-01, May 2003.
[FIRS-DNSRR] Hall, E. "Defining and Locating DNS Resource
Records in the Federated Internet Registry
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Service", draft-ietf-crisp-firs-dnsrr-01, May
2003.
[FIRS-IPV4] Hall, E. "Defining and Locating IPv4 Address
Blocks in the Federated Internet Registry
Service", draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv4-01, May
2003.
[FIRS-IPV6] Hall, E. "Defining and Locating IPv6 Address
Blocks in the Federated Internet Registry
Service", draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv6-01, May
2003.
10. Acknowledgments
Funding for the RFC editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Portions of this document were funded by Verisign Labs.
The first version of this specification was co-authored by Andrew
Newton of Verisign Labs, and subsequent versions continue to be
developed with his active participation.
11. Changes from Previous Versions
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv4-01:
* Several clarifications and corrections have been made.
draft-ietf-crisp-firs-ipv4-00:
* Restructured the document set.
* "Attribute references" have been eliminated from the
specification. All referential attributes now provide
actual data instead of URL pointers to data. Clients that
wish to retrieve these values will need to start new
queries using the data values instead of URLs.
* The attribute-specific operational attributes have been
eliminated as unnecessary.
* The inetIpv4Registrar and inetIpv4Registry attributes were
added.
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* Several attributes had their OIDs changed. NOTE THAT THIS
IS AN INTERNET DRAFT, AND THAT THE OIDS ARE SUBJECT TO
ADDITIONAL CHANGES AS THIS DOCUMENT IS EDITED.
* Several typographical errors have been fixed.
* Some unnecessary text has been removed.
12. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished
to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise
explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared,
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and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative
works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any
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Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed
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The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not
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This document and the information contained herein is provided on
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ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
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